Bacopa monnieri was touted as a miracle brain drug by the ancient civilizations who used it. They claimed it could help you remember more, observe more, and learn more all at once. 

But are these claims true, or are they simply myths associated with a plant that has been revered for hundreds of years? 

This article delves into the clinical evidence of the uses of bacopa, supplements containing the plant extract, and how to take the nootropics with bacopa in them. 

Key Takeaways: Bacopa Monnieri

• Bacopa monnieri is a creeping herb found across the world.
• It can boost cognitive function and working memory.
• It may act as a neuroprotective agent.
• Bacopa monniera is a main ingredient in a wide range of nootropic supplements.
• The plant extract causes only mild side effects.
• Some of the benefits offered by using Bacopa monnieri include easing the symptoms of ADHD and epilepsy, boosting your memory, or enhancing your logical thinking skills.

Bacopa Monnieri: Overview

Bacopa monnieri is hailed as one of the most effective herbal drugs to boost cognitive function. The plant is found across the globe, although its extract is what is used in nootropic supplements.

The benefits of bacopa include: 

• Easing the symptoms of depression.
• Reducing anxiety and stress levels.
• Dealing with ADHD.

History and Botany

Bacopa monnieri, sometimes spelled bacopa monniera, is a creeping plant native to the wetlands of several continents, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.

Other names attributed to bacopa monniera are water hyssop, brahmi, gratiola, and herb of grace. The plant itself is non-aromatic despite being classified as a herb. It has teardrop-shaped, succulent leaves and small white flowers with four or five petals. 

Bacopa monniera is a widespread species of plant that grows in water-dense marshes or wetlands. As such, many people use bacopa monnieri plants in their ponds or fish tanks as decoration without ever realizing its medicinal uses. 

Historical Significance

Bacopa monnieri has an extensive, mystical history involving Ayurvedic medicine and ancient Hindu traditions. In these rituals and medicinal purposes, bacopa monnieri was often used to enhance cognitive abilities and memory. Records of the herb first appeared around the 6th century A.D., where it was touted to rejuvenate your intellect [1]. 

Bacopa monnieri was so influential and revered that it was often used in ceremonies to consecrate babies. 

Today, bacopa monnieri is classified as a nootropic or a medicinal substance that positively affects the mind. It boosts memory and energy levels, enhances your cognitive abilities, and assists with a range of other beneficial bodily processes.

How Does Bacopa Work?

Most supplements that contain bacopa actually contain bacopa monnieri extract. The primary type of nootropic brain chemicals found in bacopa monniera is called bacosides. Bacoside A is the most extensively researched, and most of the plant’s nootropic benefits are attributed to it [1]. 

Obtaining bacopa extract that contains a high concentration of bacosides involves taking an alcoholic extract from the whole plant.

Bacosides are claimed to have many benefits like improving working memory, activating antioxidant activity, and reducing oxidative stress, although most of these still require further studies to be confirmed. 

The bacosides work in three main mechanisms: antioxidation or neuroprotection, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and increased cerebral blood flow.

Each of these mechanisms helps boost brain function and memory in its own way.

Bacopa Monnieri Benefits and Uses

Besides improving cognitive processing, the benefits of bacopa monniera are related to other sections of cognitive function. Standardized bacopa monnieri extract is consistently being studied for other potential benefits, such as:

1. Ease depression.
2. Help with epilepsy.
3. Ease symptoms of ADHD.
4. Reduce anxiety and stress.
5. Reduce inflammation.
6. Enhance brain function.
7. Lower high blood pressure.
8. Powerful antioxidant.

A comprehensive list of the benefits of bacopa monnieri is compiled below.

Depression

Depression is a common mental condition that can cause a range of negative symptoms like: 

• Hopelessness.
• Fatigue.
• Lasting, unexplained sadness.
• Feelings of guilt.
• Sleep disturbances.

Standardized bacopa extract not only boosts cognitive performance, it could help reduce the feelings of helplessness and hopelessness associated with depression [2].

As a herb that boosts learning and possibly motivation, bacopa has shown a lot of promise in treating other mental conditions like stress and anxiety. However, its effects on depression need to be researched further.

One study found that Bacopa monnieri improved depression in elderly over 12 weeks

Epilepsy

One of the lesser-known benefits of bacopa is its effect on the behavior-related symptoms of epilepsy. Epilepsy is often characterized by learning and memory impairment, which bacopa monnieri could be highly effective in countering [3]. 

Bacopa may also encourage the balance of GABA neurotransmitters in your brain and could have a therapeutically stabilizing effect on epileptic seizures and related symptoms [4].

May Ease Symptoms of ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by issues arising during brain development. The condition is very common among children and teenagers and is typically accompanied by symptoms like: 

• Fidgeting.
• Hyperactivity.
• Difficulty concentrating.
• Poor grades.
• Interrupting conversations or scenarios that require silence and focus.
• Impulsive behavior.
• The inability to sit still.

While most attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases are treated with drugs like Ritalin or Adderall, taking bacopa monnieri may help ease ADHD symptoms.

A clinical trial on children between the age of six and 12 showed a standardized extract of bacopa monnieri reduced restlessness scores in the test subjects by 93%, self-control improved by 89%, and learning problems were reduced by 78% [5].

The only symptoms bacopa monnieri had no effect on were social problems caused by the disorder. 

Although these results are promising, the effects of bacopa on ADHD still need to be studied and researched further to confirm their impact conclusively.

Reduce Anxiety and Stress

Besides combating cognitive impairment, bacopa monnieri could help boost your body’s ability to resist stress and anxiety while reducing your overall cortisol levels [6]. 

In some studies, bacopa monnieri on stress and anxiety were even comparable to benzodiazepine drugs like lorazepam. Unlike these drugs, however, bacopa boosts cognition and doesn’t cause drowsiness or sedation. 

However, note that one study found bacopa had no effect on anxiety levels. This suggests further studies and research is necessary to conclusively prove or disprove the plant’s effects as an anti-anxiety medication, despite its proven ability to reduce stress.

Bacopa did improve the stress and anxiety score in elderly patients, although not a significant difference

May Reduce Inflammation

Bacopa monnieri is touted as a powerful anti-inflammatory, with its effects often being compared to that of indomethacin, a medical-grade anti-inflammatory drug [7]. 

One of the ways bacopa works to reduce inflammation is by inhibiting the action of enzymes involved in the processes that cause the symptoms of inflammation [8]. It can also reduce inflammation around your brain cells, which may be one reason why the plant extract boosts cognitive abilities, memory, and focus [9].

Low-level inflammation not only contributes to mental decline but could be linked to diseases like cancer and diabetes. 

Despite the promise shown by bacopa monnieri as an anti-inflammatory, more research is needed to confirm its effects on humans.

May Enhance Brain Function

One of the main uses of bacopa monnieri is as a nootropic. Nootropics are chemicals or compounds that offer cognitive enhancement and better memory processing, among other brain-related benefits. 

Both animal and human studies have been conducted on bacopa monnieri’s effect on human memory and brain function. 

One placebo-controlled trial found that the group using bacopa were faster at processing visual information, learning, and consolidating their logical memory [10]. 

Bacopa monniera has also shown promise in safely enhancing cognitive performance while combating cognitive dysfunction and memory issues in aging individuals [11]. Bacopa could even positively affect learning abilities, having been shown to boost memory and a high level of cognitive processes while counteracting the effects of cognitive decline [12].

By providing enhanced cholinergic function and neuroprotective effects, bacopa monnieri may not only boost your memory and learning but could protect against age-related neurodegenerative diseases. 

The Bacopa monnieri group experienced a significant improvement in reaction time compared to the placebo

May Lower High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is an especially common ailment among the elderly and can adversely affect your heart and cardiovascular health. 

Studies on the effects of bacopa on rats have shown it can help lower and stabilize blood pressure within a healthy range [13].

Since all the studies on the effects of bacopa monnieri on blood pressure were exclusively conducted on rats and mice, human studies are necessary to confirm the effects of the herb on hypertension in humans.

May Ease Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common illness that affects the organs of your digestive system, mainly the large intestine. 

IBS symptoms include: 

• Cramping.
• Stomach pain.
• Bloating.
• Constipation.
• Diarrhea.

Bacopa monnieri has proven calcium antagonistic activity which could promote intestinal health in humans, although its effects have only been studied on rabbits and guinea pigs [14].

As the effects of bacopa haven’t been studied on humans, there is insufficient evidence that it helps ease IBS symptoms.

It’s a Powerful Antioxidant

Bacopa monnieri contains potent antioxidants, which protect your body’s cells from damaging chemicals called free radicals. 

Bacosides are one type of antioxidant chemical in bacopa monnieri and neutralize any free radicals present while preventing other free radical molecules from reacting with compounds in your body. 

Not only can this antioxidant effect protect the cells of your body, but it could counteract the oxidative stress that occurs in your brain due to aging [15]. Oxidative stress may, in some part, be responsible for age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. 

These effects of bacopa monnieri contribute to its work as a neuroprotective agent that can slow down or combat cognitive decline, especially in the elderly.

Bacopa Side Effects

Despite bacopa monnieri extract being an all-natural chemical, it may cause some adverse effects if taken in the wrong doses or used too often. 

These side effects include: 

• Nausea.
• Stomach ache.
• Bloating.
• Diarrhea.
• Dry mouth.
• Drowsiness.
• Lowered heart rate.

However, if you keep to the recommended dosage and use bacopa under the supervision of your doctor, you have a low possibility of experiencing any discomforting side effects.

Precautions and Warnings

There are several warnings and contraindications for using bacopa monnieri, including:

• Thyroid disorders: Bacopa could increase your body’s thyroid hormone concentrations [16]. If you take thyroid hormone medication or have a thyroid condition, you should avoid using bacopa or use it carefully under the supervision of your doctor.
• Stomach ulcers: Bacopa could worsen the state of stomach ulcers as it increases secretions in your large intestine and other digestive organs.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There hasn’t been enough research done on the effects of bacopa on pregnant or breastfeeding women, so you should avoid using it should this be the case. 
• Slowed heart rate: Bacopa monnieri could lower your heart rate, which may worsen any disorders or conditions that slow your heart rate [17].
• Urinary and gastrointestinal tract blockages: Bacopa may increase secretions in both tracts, leading to blockages.

Interactions

Bacopa monnieri standardized extract may interact with a few medicines, including:

• Amitriptyline: Using bacopa monnieri may increase the concentration of amitriptyline, which is used to treat mental illnesses like depression, in your body [18]. 
• Medicine for Alzheimer’s disease: Drugs that are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may affect the concentration of the same chemicals in your body as bacopa. This could cause an increase in the side effects of the drugs used for Alzheimer’s.
• Blood pressure medication: Bacopa monnieri may lower your blood pressure. If used with hypertension drugs, you could experience bouts of low blood pressure and the dizziness and fainting associated with it. 

How To Take Bacopa Monnieri

Bacopa monnieri is a widely distributed and used nootropic that can be bought on its own or as a part of a nootropic blend. Dosage varies between brands and proprietary blends.

Dosing

Most bacopa doses consist of between 300 and 500 mg of bacopa monniera extract a day. This extract is usually made from the stems and leaves of the plant and packaged in capsule form. 

Some users recommend using bacopa with or after meals as it could lessen the side effects.

Is It Safe To Take Bacopa Monnieri for a Long Time?

Most controlled human clinical trials investigating the chronic effects of using bacopa monnieri only last about 12 weeks. Therefore, using bacopa for 12 weeks is possibly safe, although there is no evidence that using it for longer may be dangerous. An extended period of use has simply not been tested or documented.

Best Bacopa Monnieri Nootropics

If you are looking for an alternative to traditional medicine for cognitive dysfunction or memory impairment, bacopa monnieri dietary supplements can help improve these brain functions. 

Some of the best supplements for brain function are covered below.

Mind Lab Pro

Mind Lab Pro is the first Universal Nootropic on the market that caters to all your nootropic needs. It works as nootropics for energy, memory, and cognitive function.

Cost: $69.00 for a month’s supply.

Dosage: Two capsules a day.

Ingredients: 11 nootropics, including bacopa monnieri, vitamins, and other beneficial ingredients.

Pros:

• 11 research-backed ingredients.
• Affordable and has an even greater discount if more than a month’s supply is bought.
• Mild side effects that dissipate relatively quickly.

Cons:

• It’s only available online.

Mind Lab Pro is a unique nootropic in that it offers benefits for more than one body or brain-related function. It is also very affordable compared to other nootropic supplements on the market. 

For more information, check out our Mind Lab Pro review.

NooCube

NooCube contains many nootropics for memory also present in other supplements, with a few unique ones like L-theanine and L-tyrosine. The ingredients in NooCube boost cognitive function, increase the blood flow to your brain, and raise your energy levels.

Cost: $59.99 for a month’s supply.

Dosage: Two to four capsules a day.

Ingredients: Seven nootropic ingredients.

Pros: 

• All-natural, research-based ingredients.
• No known interactions with other medicine or drugs.

Cons:

• Refunds are only given if bottles are returned unopened.
• Fewer ingredients than options like Mind Lab Pro.

If you want more information about this nootropic, visit our NooCube review.

Qualia Mind

The Bacopa extracts in Qualia Mind have various positive cognitive effects to improve memory and boost learning abilities. The other 27 ingredients in the supplement provide additional benefits like better focus and neuroprotection.

Cost: $139.00 for a month’s supply.

Dosage: Seven capsules a day.

Ingredients: 28 nootropic and vitamin ingredients.

Pros:

• 100-day money-back guarantee.
• 28 different nootropic and beneficial ingredients.

Cons:

• Pricier than other nootropics.
• It contains caffeine.

Qualia Mind is a premium nootropic supplement with a wide range of ingredients. However, the supplement is far more expensive than other alternatives, although the benefits may outweigh the cost.

FAQ 

Below are the most frequently asked questions regarding bacopa monnieri.

Is Bacopa the Same as Bacopa Monnieri?

Bacopa and bacopa monnieri typically refer to the same plant. However, bacopa can also be called brahmi, and the same name may also be used to refer to a member of the parsley family called Gotu kola. These are not the same plants and don’t have the same effects.

Does Bacopa Monnieri Increase Dopamine?

Extract of bacopa could inhibit dopamine uptake, and therefore increase your body’s overall dopamine levels. 

Dopamine is a reward neurotransmitter and can help boost your mood and ability to focus. For more information, check out our article on nootropics for motivation.

What Does Bacopa Do in the Brain?

Bacopa has neuroprotective effects on your brain cells, revitalizing intellectual functions and boosting your learning and memory abilities. This improved memory and cognitive function can help keep your brain healthy and help you avoid brain fog.

What Are Other Supplements Similar to Bacopa?

Similar supplements to bacopa monnieri include citicoline, ginkgo biloba, and phosphatidylserine.

How Long Does It Take for Bacopa to Work?

Most clinical trials on bacopa monnieri noticed the full effects around the 12-week mark, though many users feel a difference before then.

Does Bacopa Help With Sleep?

Extract of bacopa could help reduce symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety which often cause sleep disturbances. Therefore, there’s a chance bacopa could help improve your sleep quality while also boosting learning and memory.

Conclusion

If you’re looking to enhance cognitive function and boost your memory, bacopa monnieri is a research-backed nootropic with a range of benefits to your mind and body. 

Whether or not bacopa is a miracle drug is up to you. However, it can certainly help combat brain performance decline and memory loss due to age, making it an excellent option for anyone who wants to revitalize their mind.

References:

1. Aguiar, Sebastian, and Thomas Borowski. “Neuropharmacological Review of the Nootropic HERB Bacopa Monnieri.” Rejuvenation Research, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., Aug. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746283/.
2. SK;, Sairam K;Dorababu M;Goel RK;Bhattacharya. “Antidepressant Activity of Standardized Extract of Bacopa Monniera in Experimental Models of Depression in Rats.” Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12046860/.
3. Mathew, Jobin, et al. “Bacopa Monnieri and BACOSIDE-A for AMELIORATING Epilepsy ASSOCIATED Behavioral Deficits.” Fitoterapia, Elsevier, 26 Nov. 2009, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367326X09002731.
4. Mathew, Jobin, et al. “Decreased GABA Receptor in the Cerebral Cortex of Epileptic Rats: Effect OF Bacopa Monnieri and Bacoside-A.” Journal of Biomedical Science, BioMed Central, 24 Feb. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306740/.
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6. Benson S;Downey LA;Stough C;Wetherell M;Zangara A;Scholey A; “An Acute, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled CROSS-OVER Study of 320 Mg and 640 Mg Doses OF Bacopa Monnieri (CDRI 08) on Multitasking Stress Reactivity and Mood.” Phytotherapy Research : PTR, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23788517/.
7. Jain P;Khanna NK;Trehan N;Pendse VK;Godhwani JL; “Antiinflammatory Effects of an Ayurvedic Preparation, Brahmi Rasayan, in Rodents.” Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814042/.
8. A;, Viji V;Helen. “Inhibition of Lipoxygenases and Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzymes by Extracts Isolated from Bacopa Monniera (l.) Wettst.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18534796/.
9. DI;, Nemetchek MD;Stierle AA;Stierle DB;Lurie. “The Ayurvedic PLANT Bacopa Monnieri INHIBITS Inflammatory Pathways in the Brain.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27473605/.
10. Peth-Nui T;Wattanathorn J;Muchimapura S;Tong-Un T;Piyavhatkul N;Rangseekajee P;Ingkaninan K;Vittaya-Areekul S; “Effects of 12-Week Bacopa Monnieri Consumption on ATTENTION, Cognitive Processing, Working Memory, and Functions of Both CHOLINERGIC and MONOAMINERGIC Systems in Healthy Elderly Volunteers.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23320031/.
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14. S;, Dar A;Channa. “Calcium Antagonistic Activity of Bacopa Monniera on Vascular and Intestinal Smooth Muscles of Rabbit and Guinea-Pig.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10433473/.
15. Simpson, Tamara, et al. “Bacopa Monnieri as an Antioxidant Therapy to Reduce Oxidative Stress in the Aging Brain.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564646/.
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